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Tourist destination is a place to attract tourists to make a short stay and visit here. The competition of tourism is increasing day by day, and the competition between tourist destinations has turned to brand competition. Tourism destination brand marketing refers to the brand marketing activities that take the government departments and tourism enterprises as the marketing subject and take the cultural resources, natural landscape and tourism services of the tourism destination as the marketing content. Brand marketing plays an important role in tourism destination marketing, but the current research on the related problems of brand marketing is still relatively shallow, lack of theoretical and empirical research on the characteristics of tourism destination brand marketing. The brand marketing system of tourism destination based on the overall interests of the region has important guiding significance to the marketing practice of tourism destination. Based on the theory of marketing, this paper constructs the brand marketing theory system of tourism destination based on the overall interests of the region. This paper introduces the brand marketing of tourism destination in Ukraine as a case study, Starting from the status quo of tourism brand marketing in Ukraine, this paper expounds the existing problems of tourism in Ukraine, and finally puts forward some countermeasures to improve the brand marketing of tourism destination in Ukraine.And tries to apply the conclusion of brand marketing of tourism destination based on the overall interests of the region to tourism practice.

The aim of the article is to justify the innovative approaches to ensuring the competitiveness of small agricultural enterprises by building short “local” supply chains in view of the concepts of sustainable agriculture. The study analyzes the modern scientific approaches and the real state of ensuring the competitiveness of small and medium agricultural enterprises. It is proposed to introduce a three-component model of competitiveness, which includes reviewing the range of products and related market niches, restructuring supply chains and creating associations (clusters). The innovative models of bringing the final product to the consumer have been generalized. The functional and operational distribution in the system of ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises has been formed. The prospects for further research are to determine the cost-effectiveness of the proposed measures for the specific subject of industrial activity.

Modern environmental research involves the use of a broad range of statistical methods and programs. In any study, the results are obtained, as a rule, using statistical calculations, beginning with the calculation of reliability of data, and ending with complex statistical methods that allow estimating trends and predicting the processes that are evaluated. However, there is a problem associated with the correct interpretation of biological results by experts in statistics and, accordingly, the correctness of the choice and application of various statistical methods by biologists. In this paper, the evaluation of the results of studies of the effect of changes in the hydrological regime of the river caused by the functioning of the dam on the structure and spatial distribution of riparian carabids was considered. On the banks of intact rivers, the structure of the riparian assemblage naturally changes depending on the quality of coastal sediments. In order to assess the changes in the structure of the riparian assemblage, a number of statistical methods were employed. It was shown that not every method will adequately interpret the results of ecological studies. The differences in obtaining adequate interpretations while using various statistical methods were understood.

This paper presents the results of studies on the Uzh River (Ukraine, Zakarpattia Oblast) near the effluent point of a sewage treatment plant in Uzhgorod. The samples were taken at various sites of the treatment plant along the stages of purification process, as well as in the river, at a number of different points above and below the wastewater discharge. At each of these objects, the temperature and O2 were measured. The structure of ciliate assemblage was analyzed along the stages of the treatment process in the WWTP and in the river before and after the sewage discharge. A total of 26 ciliate taxa were observed and included in the analysis. All the studied stations were considered as a continuum in which populations of protozoa spread freely according to their ecological preferences. The majority of ciliate species were encountered in each of the examined stations, but their quantitative development differed significantly, reflecting their response to the environmental conditions at the stations. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of ciliate populations by the stations enabled to group them in respect to the peculiarities of the local conditions. The study showed that the majority of the ciliate species, typical of bioreactors, are equally common at the stations of the Uzh River below wastewater discharges. The ciliate assemblage in the oxygen gradient demonstrated a wide spectrum of ecological tolerance at the species level. These findings confirm that ciliates are very good indicators of the environmental quality, provided that detailed information about their environmental priorities is available.

The globe has faced severe challenges recently, and environmental deterioration has become more prominent. Therefore, the world has taken several initiatives to deal with environmental issues while the problem remains intact. Interestingly, the OECD economies are the leading example to understand the accurate picture of sustainability across the near regions. This study makes an effort to introduce the core factors such as economic development, renewable energy, tourism, natural resources, and innovations in OECD economies over the period of 2000-2021. Similarly, to investigate the study's objectives, this study employs the quantile autoregressive distributed lag model (Q-ARDL). The analyzed results show the significant contribution of renewable energy, tourism, and natural resources to environmental sustainability. In contrast, income and innovations contribute to ecological deterioration. Moreover, the quantile causality is being used by this empirical study to investigate the causal association among studied variables. However, using green energy in sustainable tourism is highly recommended for specified economies. In order to deal with environmental pressure, this research proposes green implications to attain the desired sustainability level., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Macrophytes are one of the important indicators used in assessing the anthropic impact on aquatic ecosystems. The structure of macrophyte communities of two rivers were compared by species composition, dominant species and projective cover using statistical methods. It is shown that the influence of storm runoff on these rivers is manifested in the form of a change in the dominant species composition. Based on the statistical analysis carried out, it can be argued that, despite the peculiarities of the flora composition of each of the rivers, the influence of storm runoffs largely neutralizes this specificity, determining the situation in local areas immediately below the runoff. In the area of the effluent discharge the dominance of individual species and an increase in the area overgrown with macrophytes was observed. In the area of stormwater discharge on the Psel River, species were usually present: Nuphar lutea , Ceratophyllum demersum , Myriophyllum spicatum and on the Bystrica River- Glyceria maxima , Sagitaria sagittiformis , Stuckenia pectinata and Potamogeton crispus . The use of the NMDS method has been found to provide good insight into the structural rearrangements in macrophyte communities affected by runoff from stormwater systems., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2023 Babko et al.)

A method for assessing the degree of impact of wastewater treatment plant discharge on receiving rivers was proposed, based on the structural indicators of the population of ciliated protozoa. It was shown that the ratio of attached, crawling and free-swimming forms in bottom sediments changes under the influence of discharge. In the points subject to organic pollution, the share of attached filter-feeding bacteriovorous ciliates increases in the assemblage of ciliated protozoa. The proposed Attached Form Index (AFI) takes this ratio into account. The use of AFI makes it possible to assess the restructuring of the assemblage of ciliated protozoa under the influence of point sources of pollution, to establish a zone of negative influence of runoff, to assess the degree of restoration of the aquatic ecosystem, as the influence of the pollution source weakened., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Reduction of the greenhouse effect is primarily associated with the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the gases that increases the greenhouse effect - it is responsible for about half of the greenhouse effect. Significant sources of CO 2 are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and waste management, with about 3% contribution to global emissions. CO 2 is produced mainly in the aerobic stage of wastewater purification and is a consequence of activated sludge activity. Although the roles of activated sludge components in the purification process have been studied quite well, their quantitative contribution to CO 2 emissions is still unknown. The emission of CO 2 caused by prokaryotes and eukaryotes over the course of a year (taking into account subsequent seasons) in model sequencing batch reactors (SBR) is presented in this study. In this work, for the first time, we aimed to quantify this contribution of eukaryotic organisms to total CO 2 emissions during the WWTP process. It is of the order of several or more ppm. The contribution of CO 2 produced by different components of activated sludge in WWTPs can improve estimation of the emissions of GHGs in this area of human activity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2020 Jaromin-Gleń et al.)

This work presents the results of studies on the impact of spent drilling fluids cotreated with municipal wastewater on the rate of the wastewater treatment process and the structure of the community of eukaryotic organisms inhabiting an activated sludge. The studies were conducted under laboratory conditions in sequencing batch reactors. The effect of added polymer-potassium drilling fluid (DF1) and polymer drilling fluid (DF2) at dosages of 1 and 3% of wastewater volume on the rate of removal of total suspended solids, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and the content of total and ammonium nitrogen were analyzed, taking into account the values of these parameters measured at the end of each operating cycle. In addition to the impacts on the aforementioned physicochemical indices, the influence of drilling fluid on the biomass of various groups of eukaryotes in activated sludge was analyzed. The impact of the drilling fluid was highly dependent on its type and dosage. A noticeable slowdown in the rate of the wastewater treatment process and a negative effect on the organisms were observed after the addition of DF2. This effect intensified after an increase in fluid dose. However, no statistically significant negative changes were observed after the introduction of DF1. Conversely, the removal rate of some of the analyzed pollutant increased., (Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.)

Spent drilling muds are the liquid residues of rock drilling operations. Due to a high concentration of suspended solids and potentially detrimental chemical properties, they can negatively affect microorganisms participating in wastewater treatment processes. We evaluated the addition of a potassium-polymer drilling fluid (DF) to activated sludge in laboratory sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for municipal wastewater treatment. Ciliate assemblage, the most dynamic component of eukaryotes in activated sludge, and which is highly sensitive to changes in the system, was evaluated. The average ciliate abundance dropped by about 51% (SBR 2; 1% DF added) and 33% (SBR 3; 3% DF added) in comparison to the control (SBR 1; wastewater only). A decrease in the total number of ciliate species during the experiment was observed, from 25 to 24 in SBR 2 and from 17 to 13 in SBR 3. Moreover, a drop in the number of dominant (>100 individuals mL) ciliate species was observed during the experiment-from eight in the control to five in SBR 2 and four in SBR 3-signaling noticeable changes in the quantitative structure of ciliate species. The species analyzed showed different responses to DF addition. The most sensitive was , which is bacteriovorus. In contrast, two predators, and , showed no reaction to DF addition. Our results indicate that addition of potassium-polymer DF, in doses of 1 to 3% of the treated wastewater volume, had no toxic effects on ciliates, but qualitative and quantitative changes in their community were observed., (Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.)